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[Amber demo]
146 need not和 must not用于现在时和将来时
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need not可用于现在时和过去时。各人称的形式都一样。(参见第148节。)need not表示“无义务”。它表示说话人允许不去做某事,或仅仅表示某事并非必要:
Employer:You needn't make two copies.One will do.
雇主:你不用打印两份。一份就够了。
Give them this cheque.They needn't send me a receipt.
把这张支票给他们。他们不用给我送来收据。
You needn't change(your clothes).Just come as you are.
你不用换(衣服)了。就穿着现在穿的衣服来吧。
must not表示否定的义务,即说话人叫你不要如何或是特别强调地劝告你不可如何:
You mustn't repeat this to anyone.
你不能把这件事告诉任何别人。
Notice in shop:Staff must not smoke when serving customers.
商店通告:工作人员在为顾客服务时一律不许抽烟。
You mustn't leave your car unlocked.This place is full of thieves.
你千万不能不锁车门就离开。这地方遍地是小偷。
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[Amber demo]
147 need not,must not和 must用于现在时和将来时
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Doctor:You needn't go on a diet;but you must eat sensibly and youmustn't overeat.
医生:你不必节食,但要饮食有度,不能吃得过饱。
Zoo notice:Visitors must not feed the animals.
动物园通告:参观者不得给动物投喂食物。
Railway notice:Passengers must not walk on the line.
铁路通告:旅客不得在铁路线上行走。
You mustn't drive fast.There is a speed limit here.
你不能开快车。这地方有速度限制。
You needn't drive fast.We've plenty of time.
你不必开得快。我们时间足够。
You needn't strike a match.I can see well enough.
你不用划亮火柴。我可以看清。
You mustn't strike a match.This room is full of gas.
你不能划火柴。这屋里满是煤气。
School notice:The lifts must not be used during Fire Drill.
学校通告:在消防演习期间禁止使用电梯。
You mustn't wear that dress again.You look terrible in yellow.
你别再穿那套裙装了。你穿黄色难看极了。
Teacher:You needn't read the whole book but you must read the first four- chapters.
老师:你们不必把整本书全读完,但必须读完前四章。
You must cut down that dead tree or it will fall on your house.
你必须把那棵死树砍了,否则它会倒在你的屋顶上。
Doctor:You mustn't take more than two of these pills at once.Three might be fatal.
医生:这些药你每次服用时不得超过两片。服三片就可能有生命危险。
Doctor(to patient's wife):If the pain has gone he needn't take any more of these.
医生(对患者的妻子):如果疼痛已经消失了,他就不必再服这些药片了。
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[Amber demo]
148 need 的各种形式
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A need既可以作助动词,也可以作普通动词。用为助动词时,它是半情态动词,即它既有情态动词的形式又有普通动词的形式。它的情态动词的形式有need或need not/needn't,可用于各种人称的现在时、将来时和间接引语中。(参见下面C节。)疑问式:need I?等否定疑问式:need I not?/needn't I?等need以上述各种形式变化时,后面接不带to的不定式(即动词原形)。
B need为助动词时一般只在下述情况下可以用于肯定式:当一个否定句或疑问句由于前面加上一个短语而使其中的否定动词或疑问动词变成肯定的意思时:
I needn't wear a coat./I don't suppose I need wear a coat.
我不需要穿外衣。/我认为我不需要穿外衣。
Need I tell Tom?/Do you think I need tell Tom?
我需要告诉汤姆吗?/你认为我需要告诉汤姆吗?
有时在相当正规的英语中,它也与hardly/scarcely或only连用:
I need hardly say how pleased we are to welcome Mr X.
我几乎不用说我们是多么高兴欢迎X先生的来到。(我无需说……)
You need only touch one of the pictures for all the alarm bells to start ringing.
你只要摸一下其中的一幅画,所有的警铃就都会响起来。(如果你摸到其中的一幅画,所有的铃……)
C needn't 在直接引语中可以不必改变:
You needn't pay till the 31st,'he says/said.
他说:“你到31号才需要付钱。”相当于:
He says/said I needn't pay till the 31st.
他说我到31号才需要付钱。
(参见第325节C。)
D need变否定形式时也可像普通动词一样变化,如下面第149节所示。表中也列出了相应的have to形式。关于疑问句形式参见第151节。
need与will/shall,do/does/did等助动词连用时应当用带to 的不定式,有时称为need to以引起学生注意。
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[Amber demo]
149 表示无义务的各种形式
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但是,关于needn't在间接引语中的用法,参见上面第148节C。
shan't/won't need to=shan't/won't have to
don't/doesn't need to=don't/doesn't have to
didn't need to= didn't have to(但 didn't have to更常见)
从上面的表格中可以看出,与haven't/hasn't got to和 hadn't got to完全同义的 need的形式是不存在的。
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[Amber demo]
150 need not与其他各种形式的区别
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A1 如前所述,need not表示说话人的权威或劝告:
You needn't write me another cheque.Just change the date and initial it.
你不必给我另开一张支票。你只需改一下日期并签上你姓名的第一个字母。
I'm in no hurry.He needn't send it by air.He can send it by sea.
我不着急。