(参见第255节。)
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[Amber demo]
242 动词+ how/what/when/
where/which/why+不定式
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A 这类动词中最常用的有 ask, decide, discover, find out, for- get,know, learn, remember, see(= understand/perceive),show+宾语, think, understand, want to know,wonder:
He discovered how to open the safe.
他发现了打开保险柜的方法。
I found out where to buy fruit cheaply.
我找到了买便宜水果的地方。
I didn’t know when to switch the machine off.
我不知道什么时候关掉机器。
I showed her which button to press.
我告诉她应该按哪一个按钮。
She couldn’t think what to asy.
她想不出说什么。
(注意:这种结构不常用于动词think的现在式和过去式之后,但可以用于think的其他形式之后,或者如上面最后一个例句那样,用于前面还有一个助动词的think之后。)
B whether+不定式同样可以用于 want to know, wonder之后:
I wonder/wondered whether to write or phone.
我不知道应该写信还是应该打电话。
这种结构还可以用于表示否定意义或疑问意义的decide, know, remember和 think后面:
You needn’t decide yet whether to study arts or science.
你现在不必决定学习文科还是理科。
He couldn’t remember whether to turn left or right.
他没记住向左拐还是向右拐。
C ask,decide,forget,learn,remember 等词后也可以直接跟不定式。(参见第241节。)但其含义并不一定相同。
learn how+不定式(=acquire a skill学会技能):
She learnt how to make lace.
她学会了怎样做花边。
如果是相当普通的技能,通常就不用how:
She learnt to drive a car.
她学会了开汽车。
learn+不定式(不带how)可以有另一种含义:
She learnt to trust nobody.
她信不过任何人。相当于:
She found from experience that it was better to trust nobody.
经验告诉她,谁都不可靠。
同时注意:
I decided to do it.
我决定要做这件事。相当于:
I said to myself,‘I’ll do it.’
我心里想:“我要做这件事。”
I decided how to do it.
我决定了如何去做这件事。相当于:
I said to myself,‘ I’ll do it this way.’
我心里想:“我要这样做。”
I remembered to get a ticket.
我没忘了弄一张票。(我弄到一张票。)
I remembered where to get a ticket.
我记得到哪儿买票。(我记得可以从音乐节办公室买到票。)
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[Amber demo]
243 动词或动词+宾语之后的不定式
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A 这类动词中最重要的有 ask, beg, expect, would hate, help, intend,like(=think wise/right), would like(=enjoy),would love, mean, prefer, want, wish:
He likes to eat well.
他喜欢吃得好一点。
He likes his staff to eat well.
他喜欢要他的工作人员吃得好一点儿。
I want to ride.I want you to ride too.
我想骑马。我想要你去骑马。
B ask和 beg
ask+不定式的含义与ask+宾语+不定式不同:
I asked to speak to Mrs Jones.
我要找琼斯太太谈话。相当于:
I said,‘Could I speak to Mrs Jones?’
我说:“我能跟琼斯太太讲话吗?”
但是:
I asked Bill to speak to her.
我要比尔找她谈一谈。
I said,‘Bill, would you speak to her?’
我说:“比尔,请你找她谈一谈好吗?”
beg也是同样情况,尽管beg之后通常不直接跟不定式:
I begged(to be allowed) to go.
我请他允许我去。相当于:
I said,‘Please let me go.’
我说:“请让我去。”
I begged him to go.
我要求他去。相当于:
I said,‘Please go.’
我说:“请你去吧。”
ask和beg后面可接that…should结构。(参见第235节。)
C expect+不定式和expect+宾语+不定式可有相同含义:
I expect to arrive tomorrow.
我预计明天到达。相当于:
I think it is likely that I will arrive tomorrow.
我想我很可能明天到达。
I expect him to arrive tomorrow.
我预计他明天到达。相当于:
I think it is likely that he will arrive tomorrow.
我想他很可能明天到达。
但expect+宾语+不定式常常含有义务的意思:
He expects his wife to bring him breakfast in bed at weekends.
他指望他妻子在周末把早饭送到床边。(他认为他妻子有义务这样做。)
expect后面也可跟that+主语+动词结构,这时不含有义务的意思。
D 关于 care, hate, like, love和 prefer与不定式或动名词连用的例句请参见第294至第298节。intend,mean和want后面也可接动名词。(参见第266节。)
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[Amber demo]
244 动词+宾语之后的不定式
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A 这类动词中最重要的有:
advise牋牋牋牋牋牋牋?forbid牋牋牋牋牋牋?make(b)牋牋牋?show how
allow牋牋牋牋牋牋牋牋?force牋牋牋牋牋牋牋 oblige牋牋牋牋牋牋牋?teach/teach how
bribe牋牋牋牋牋牋牋牋?hear(b)牋牋牋 order牋牋牋牋牋牋牋牋 tell/tell how
command牋牋牋牋牋 implore牋牋牋牋牋?permit tempt
compel牋牋牋牋牋牋牋 induce牋牋牋牋牋牋 persuade牋牋牋牋牋?train
enable牋牋牋牋牋牋牋?instruct牋牋牋牋牋 remind牋牋牋牋牋牋?urge
encourage牋牋牋牋牋 invite牋牋牋牋牋牋牋 request牋牋牋牋牋牋?warn
entitle牋牋牋牋牋牋牋牋 let(b)牋牋牋牋?see(b)牋牋牋牋牋 watch(b)
feel(b)
(b)意指“不带to的不定式”。(参见第246节。)
advise,allow和permit也可以与动名词连用。
(关于表示知道和思想一类意思的动词,参见第245节。)
B 动词+宾语+不定式举例如下:
These glasses will enable you to see in the dark.
这眼镜能使你在黑暗中也能看到东西。