D要表达两个事物彼此相应增长时可用the+比较级…the+ 比较级这种结构:
House Agent:Do you want a big house?
房地产经纪人:你想买一栋大房子吗?
Ann:Yes,the bigger the better.
安:是的,越大越好。
Tom:But the smaller it is,the less it will cost us to heat.
汤姆:可是,房子越小,花的取暖费就越少。
E一个事物的逐渐增长或减少用两个由and连接的比较级表示:
The weather is getting colder and colder.
天气越来越冷了。
He became less and less interested.
他越来越不感兴趣。
F用动名词或动词不定式对行为进行比较:
Riding a horse is not as easy as riding a motor cycle.
骑马不像骑摩托那么容易。
It is nicer/more fun to go with someone than to go alone.
偕伴同去比自己独自去好玩。
(参见第341节。)
G原级与like(相似,介词)和alike连用的结构:
Tom is very like Bill.
汤姆长得很像比尔。
Bill and Tom are very alike.
贝尔和汤姆长得很像。
He keeps the central heating full on.It’s like living in the tropics.
他把暖气开到最大。就好像住在热带一样。
H原级与like和as连用(下面列举几个副词和形容词的句子)从理论上讲like(介词)只能与名词、代词和动名词连用:
He swims like a fish.
他游起泳来像条鱼。
You look like a ghost.
你都不像人样了。
Be like Peter/him:go jogging.
像彼得/他那样:去慢跑吧。
The windows were all barred.It was like being in prison.
窗子都用铁棒封住了。就像住在监狱里一样。
as(连词)与动词连用的结构:
Do as Peter does:go jogging.
像彼得那样:去慢跑吧。
Why don’t you cycle to work as we do?
你干嘛不像我们这样骑车上班?
但在英语口语中,这些地方常用like代替as:
Cycle to work like we do.
像我们一样骑车上班。
I like+名词和as+名词结构:
He worked like a slave.
他像奴隶一样地干活。(非常劳累)
He worked as a slave.
他作为奴隶干活。(他是奴隶。)
She used her umberlla as a weapon.
她拿伞当武器。(她用伞打他。)
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[Amber demo]
22 than/as+代词+助动词
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A当than或as的前后所用的动词相同时,常可以用助动词代替第二个动词:
I earn less than he does.
我比他钱挣得少。
主句与从句中的动词不必使用同一时态:
He knows more than I did at his age.
他要比我在他这个年龄时懂得多。
B如从句由than/as+I/we/you+动词组成而时态并无变化时,常常将动词省略:
I’m not as old as you(are).
我没有你年龄大。
He has more time than I/we(have).
他的时间比我/我们多。
正规英语中as/than后仍使用I/we,因为动词虽被省略,代词仍被看做是动词的主语,因此仍用主格。但在非正式英语中,me/us更常用:
He had more time than me.
他比我时间多。
They are richer than us.
他们比我们富有。
C如than/as后跟he/she/it+动词,常常保留动词:
You are stronger than he is.
你比他强壮。
但在极正式的英语中,可以用he/she/they而免去动词。在非常口语化的英语中可用him/her/them而免去动词。
这些规则也适用于副词比较级:
I swim better than he does/better than him.
我游泳比他好。
They work harder than we do/harder than us.
他们比我们干得卖劲。
You can’t type as fast as I can/as fast as me.
你打字不如我快。
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[Amber demo]
23 the+形容词
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A blind(失明的),deaf(聋的),disabled(残废的),healthy(健康的)/sick(病弱的), living(活的)/dead(死的), rich(富有的)/poor(贫穷的),unemployed(失业的)以及其他某些说明人的性格或状态的形容词,前面加the时可以代表一类人。这
一表达方式具有复数含义,所以动词也用复数形式,代词则用they:
The poor get poorer;the rich get richer.
穷者愈穷;富者愈富。
the+表示国籍的以ch或sh结尾的形容词也是同样用法:
the Dutch荷兰人
the Spanish西班牙人
the Welsh威尔士人
以se或ss结尾的表示国籍的形容词也可以这样用:
the Burmese缅甸人
the Chinese中国人
the Japanese日本人
the Swiss瑞士人
但这些表达方式也有可能是单数的意思。
B注意:the+形容词只是泛指某一类人,假如要特指某一部分人,则必须加名词:
These seats are for the disabled.
这些座位供残疾人坐。
The disabled members of our party were let in free.
我们一伙中的残疾人是免费入场的。
The French like to eat well.
法国人很讲究吃。
The French tourists complained about the food.
法国旅客抱怨食物不好。
一些表示颜色的形容词后加上s作复数名词用时也代表一类人:
the blacks黑人
the whites白人
C the+形容词偶尔也有单数含义:
the accused(person)被告人
the unexpected(thing)意外的事
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[Amber demo]
24形容词+one/ones和形容词作代词
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A大多数形容词可以和代词one(单数)/ones(复数)连用,这时one/ones代表前面已经提到过的名词:
Don’t buy the expensive apples;get the cheaper ones.
别买那价钱贵的苹果,买那便宜的。
Hard beds are healthier than soft ones.
硬板床比软床有利于健康。
I lost my old camera;this is a new one.
我的旧相机丢了;这是一架新的。
数词+形容词也可以带one/ones:
If you haven’t got a big plate,two small ones will do.
如果没有大盘子,两个小盘也行。
B形容词作代词
first(第一)/second(第二)等可以和one/ones连用,也可以不和one/ones连用,即它们既可以作形容词又可以作代词:
—Which train did you catch?
—I caught the first(one).
—你赶上了哪班车?