(不是保罗)
It’s 'today that he’s going.
他是今天走。(不是明天)
这种it甚至可以与复数名词连用:
It’s 'pilots that we need,not ground staff.
我们需要的是飞行员,不是地勤人员。(参见第76节。)
2如不定式是句子主语,通常把it置于句首而把不定式放在后面:
It is easy to criticize.
批评是容易的。
而不说:
To criticize is easy.
又如:
It is better to be early.
宁早勿晚。
而不说:
To be early is better.
It seems a pity to give up now.
现在放弃好像很遗憾。
而不说:
To give up now seems a pity.
如果将it+be置于find/think(that)之后,通常be和that可省略:
He thought(that)it(would be)better to say nothing.
他认为不说话为妙。
We found it impossible to get visas.
我们发现不可能拿到签证。
3在句子的主语是从句的情况下可以用it。以下的用法是可以的:
That he hasn’t phoned is odd.
令人感到奇怪的是他没打电话。
That prices will go up is certain.
价格肯定要上涨。
但是我们通常这样说:
It’s odd that he hasn’t phoned.
It’s certain that prices will go up.
其他用法:
It never occurred to me that perhaps he was lying.
我从没想到过他可能是在说谎。
lt struck me that everyone was unusually silent.
大家都异乎寻常地沉默使我感到吃惊。
Eit/this可代表句中前面提到过的短语、从句或动词:
He smokes in bed,though I don’t like it.(it=his smoking in bed)
他躺在床上抽烟,尽管我不喜欢他这样。
He suggested flying,but I thought it would cost too much.(it=flying)
他建议坐飞机去,可我认为这样花费太大。
F it还可以充当非人称动词的主语:
it seems似乎,看起来好像
it appears似乎,看来
it looks显得,好像
it happens碰巧,偶然
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[Amber demo]
68 you,one和they作不定代词
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A you和one
二者都可作主语:
Can you/one camp in the forest?
能在森林里露宿吗?
作宾语时,通常使用you:
They fine you for parking offences.
他们会因为你违章停车而罚你。
在日常会话中,you较常用。它是一个更“友好”的代词,隐含
着说话人假设自己处在这样的地位。
one的意思更为客观一些,不太常用,虽然所有格形式one’s用得较为普遍:
It’s easy to lose one’s/your way in Venice.
在威尼斯是很容易迷路的。
在这些代词后面必须使用正确的所有格形式:
One has to show one’s pass at the door.
任何人都必须在门口出示通行证。
You have to show your pass at the door.
你必须在门口出示通行证。
如果不用one或you而用名词的单数形式,那么很明显地所有格形容词必须是his或her:
One must do one’s best.
一个人必须尽自己最大的努力。
A traveller has to guard his possessions.*牋?
旅行者必需保管好自己的东西。
B they
they只能作主语,意为“人们”:
they say=people say,it is said人们说,据说
They say it is going to be a cold winter.
据说今年冬季会很冷。
they也可意为“有关当局”,即政府/市政委员会/雇主/警方等:
They want to make this a one-way street.
有关当局想把这条路划为单行线。
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[Amber demo]
69 neither/either,someone/everyone/no one等
与they/them/ their连用
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上述这些词语都是单数,要用单数动词,因此它们的人称代词应该是he/she,所有格形容词则是his/her(he/his用于阳性和两性都有的场合;she/her用于指阴性)。但许多以英语为母语的人感到这太麻烦,从而常常用they/their,即使只牵涉到一个性别也这么使用:
Neither of them remembered their instructions.
他们俩谁也没记往自己得到的指示。
Would someone lend me their binoculars?
谁能借给我望远镜用一用?
Everyone has read the notice,haven’t they?
大家都看到通知了,是吗?
No one objected,did tney?
没人反对,对吗?(另参见第51节。)
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[Amber demo]
70反身代词
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A这类代词有myself,yourself,himself,herself,itself,ourselves,yourselves,themselves。请注意第二人称单数形式yourself和第二人称复数形式yourselves之间的差别。不定反身代词和
不定强调代词为oneself。
B动词所表示的行为施加到施动者自己身上时,也就是主语和宾语同为一人时,用myself,yourself等词作动词的宾语:
I cut myself.
我把自己割伤了。
He can’t shave himself.
他不会给自己刮脸。
It is not always easy to amuse oneself on holiday.
假日自娱并非总是一件容易的事。
Tom and Ann blamed themselves for the accident.
汤姆和安为了这起意外事故责备自己。
This refrigerator defrosts itself.
这台冰箱可自动除霜。
请注意,如果把反身代词换成相互代词each other,其意思就会发生变化:
Tom and Ann blamed each other.
汤姆和安互相责备。(汤姆责备安,安责备汤姆。)
(参见第53节C。)
C myself,yourself等也可用于动词+介词之后:
He spoke to himself.
他暗自心里想着。
Did she pay for herself?
她付了她自己的那一份钱了吗?
Look after yourself.
望你保重。
Take care of yourselves.
希望你们注意身体。
I’m annoyed with myself.
我生自己的气。
He sat by himself.
他独自坐着。
She addressed the envelope to herself.
她在信封收信人处写上了自己的姓名和地址。
但是如果介词是用来指明位置的,一般要用代词而不用反身代词:
Did you take your dog with you?
你把狗带去了吗?
They put the child between them.
他们把孩子放在他们中间。
Had he/Did he have any money on him?