他身上有钱吗?
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[Amber demo]
71 myself,himself,herself等词用做强调代词
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myself等词也可用来强调名词或代词:
The king himself gave her the medal.
是国王亲自授予她勋章的。
在讲话中self要重读。
这样使用的这类代词本身决不是必不可少的,如被省略也不会改变句子的意思。这类代词通常用来强调句子的主语,这时应位于主语之后:
Ann herself opened the door.
安亲自开门。Tom himself went.
汤姆亲自去了。
在有宾语时也可位于宾语之后:
Ann opened the door herself.
安亲自开门。
也可位于不及物动词之后:
Tom went himself.
汤姆亲自去了。
如果不及物动词之后是介词+名词结构,强调代词则可位于这一名词之后:
Tom went to London himself./Tom himself went to London.
汤姆亲自去伦敦了。
当它强调另一名词时,则直接位于其之后:
I saw Tom himself.
我看到汤姆本人了。
I spoke to the President himself.
我和总统本人谈话了。
She liked the diamond itself but not the setting.
她喜欢钻石本身,并不喜欢它的镶嵌底座。
注意下列句子的区别:
I did it myself.
是我亲自做的。(是我做的,而不是别人做的。)
I did it by myself.
我独自做的。(我自己做的,没有其他任何人的帮助。)
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[Amber demo]
第八章?关系代词与关系从句
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关系从句有三类:限定性关系从句(参见第72节至第77节),非限定性关系从句(参见第78节至第81节),连接性关系从句(参见第82节)。
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[Amber demo]
72限定性关系从句
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这类从句修饰前面的名词,使其有别于其他同类名词。这类从句对清楚了解所修饰名词的特征是必不可少的:
The man who told me this refused to give me his name.
告诉我这件事的那个人拒不说出他的姓名。
who told me this是关系从句。如果省略,句中所提到的那个人是谁就不清楚了。要注意,在被修饰的名词和限定性关系从句之间不加逗号。
限定性关系从句常常跟在the+名词之后,但也可以用于a/ an+名词、不加the的复数名词、代词all,none,anybody, somebody等以及those之后。
a/an+名词、不带the的复数名词及somebody/someone/some- thing之后的从句有时只是间接地限定这些名词/代词。
在这种情况下名词/代词常常是动词或介词的宾语:
I met someone who said he knew you.
我碰到了说自己认识你的一个人。
The book is about a girl who falls in love with…
这本书是关于一个女孩,她爱上了……
有时这些从句由一个词或短语将它们与名词/代词分开:
There’s a man here who wants…
这儿有个男人,他想要……
I saw something in the paper which would interest you.
我在报上看到了一些你会感兴趣的东西。
但是,通常关系从句应该紧跟在它们修饰的名词或代词之后:
The noise that he made woke everybody up.
他弄出的响声把大家都吵醒了。
She was annoyed by something that I had said.
她为我说的某句话而不高兴。
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[Amber demo]
73用于限定性关系从句的关系代词
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词形变化如下:
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ABC Amber CHM Converter v6.22
Trial version
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[Amber demo]
74指人的限定性关系从句
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A主格
用who或that,通常用who:
The man who robbed you has been arrested.
抢劫你的那个人已经被逮捕了。
The girls who serve in the shop are the owner’s daughters.
在店里接待顾客的那几个女孩都是店老板的女儿。
Only those who had booked in advance were allowed in.
只有那些预先订票的人可以进去。
Would anyone who saw the accident please get in touch with the police?
凡亲眼看见发生事故的人请与警方联系。
但是在all,everyone,everybody,no one,nobody和those后面,也可用that替代who:
Everyone who/that knew him liked him.
认得他的人都喜欢他。
Nobody who/that watched the match will ever forget it.
看了这场比赛的人都不会忘记它。
B动词的宾语
用whom,who或that。
指人的关系代词的宾格形式是whom,但这被认为是十分正规的说法。在口语中经常使用who和that来代替whom(that 比who更常用);更加普遍的是索性把宾格关系代词省略:
The man whom I saw told me to come back today.
我见到的那个人叫我今天返回。或:
The man who I saw…
The man that I saw…
The man I saw…(省略关系代词)
The girls whom he employs are always complaining about their pay.
他雇用的那些女孩子们老是抱怨薪水太低。或:
The girls who he employs…
The girls that he employs…
The girls he employs…(省略关系代词)
C介词的宾语
用whom或that。
在正规的英语中介词通常位于关系代词之前,这时关系代词
必须使用whom这一形式:
the man to whom I spoke我跟说话的那个人
而在非正式的口语中经常把介词置于句末。这时用that来代替whom,但更加普遍的是索性省略关系代词:
the man who/whom I spoke to
the man that I spoke to
the man I spoke to
同样:
The man from whom I bought it told me to oil it.
卖给我这件东西的那个人嘱咐我给它上点油。或:
The man who/that I bought it from…
The man I bought it from…
The friend with whom I was travelling spoke French.
和我一起旅行的那个朋友讲法语。或:
The friend who/that I was travelling with…
The friend I was travelling with…
D所有格
关系代词的所有格只有whose这一种形式:
People whose rents have been raised can appeal.
那些被增加了租金的人可以上诉。
The film is about a spy whose wife betrays him.
这部电影是关于一个被自己妻子出卖的间谍的故事。