would be able在这里暗指所假设的情况有可能实现(可能他可以借到工具。)
4 条件句类型3中,could被转述时保持不变。
5 could表示过去的能力时,在间接引语里保持不变,或用had been able结构转述:
‘I could read when I was three!’she boasted.
她吹嘘说:“我三岁时就能看书了!”相当于:
She boasted that she could/had been able to read when she was three.
她吹嘘说她三岁时就能看书了。
B could表示允许
1 条件句类型2中的could在间接引语中可保持不变,或由would be allowed to转述:
‘If I paid my fine I could walk out of prison today,’he said.
他说:“如果我交了罚款,我今天就能走出牢门了。”相当于:
He said that if he paid his fine he could/would be allowed to walk…
他说如果他交了罚款他会被允许走……
2 表示过去时态的could在间接引语中可保持不变,或用 was/were allowed to或had been allowed to结构来转述:
He said,‘When I was a boy I could stay up as long as I liked.’
他说:“我小时候,我可以想呆到多晚睡觉就呆到多晚。”相当于:
He said that when he was a boy he could/was allowed to stay up./He said that as a boy he was/had been allowed etc.
他说他小时候,可以/被允许爱呆到多晚睡觉就呆到多晚。
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[Amber demo]
313 其中的代词与形容词
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A 代词和所有格形容词一般由第一人称或第二人称转化为第三人称,除非说话者转述的就是自己的话:
He said,‘I′ve forgotten the combination of my safe.’
他说:“我忘了我保险柜的密码了。”相当于:
He said that he had forgotten the combination of his safe.
他说他忘记了他保险柜的密码了。
I said,‘I like my new house.’
我说:“我喜欢我的新房子。”相当于:
I said that I liked my new house.
我说我喜欢我的新房子。(说话者转述的是自己的话)
有时为避免意义上的混淆不清,必须将代词改变成名词:Tom said,‘He came in through the window’(汤姆说:“他是从窗户进来的”)这句话一般不能像下面那样转述:Tom said he hadcome in through the window(汤姆说他是从窗户进来的)。 这种转述方法意思可能指汤姆自己是通过窗户进来的。如果在这里将代词改变为相应的一个名词,就不会混淆了:Tom said that the man/burglar/cat etc.had come in…(汤姆说那个男人/入室窃贼/猫等是从……进来的)。
代词的变化会引起动词的变化:
He says,‘I know her.’
他说:“我认识她。”相当于:
He says he knows her.
他说他认识她。
He says,‘I shall be there.’
他说:“我将在那里。”相当于:
He says that he will be there.
他说他将在那里。
B this和these
this如用于表示时间,通常转述为that:
He said,‘She is coming this week.’
他说:“她这个星期来。”相当于:
He said that she was coming that week.
他说她那个星期来。
但是,this和that不表示时间而当形容词用时,转述时用the:
He said,‘I bought this pearl/these pearls for my mother.’
他说:“这颗/这些珍珠是给我母亲买的。”相当于:
He said that he had bought the pearl/pearls for his mother.
他说这颗/这些珍珠是给他母亲买的。
this,these作代词用时可转述为it,they/them:
He showed me two bullets.‘I found these embedded in the panelling,’he said.
他把两颗子弹头拿给我看。“我发现这两颗子弹头嵌在护壁板里,”他说。相当于:
He said he had found them embedded in the panelling.
他说他发现这两颗子弹嵌在护壁板里。
He said,‘We will discuss this tomorrow.’
他说:“我们明天讨论这件事。”相当于:
He said that they would discuss it/the matter the next day.
他说他们要在第二天讨论它/那件事。
this,these(形容词或代词)可以用于表明选择,或用于把一些东西与另一些东西区别开来。这时用the one(s)near him等来转述,或可以把话换一个方法说清楚:
‘I′ll have this(one),’he said to me.
他对我说:“我要这个。”相当于:
He said he would have the one near him./He pointed to/touched/showed me the one he wanted.
他说他要靠近他的那一个。/他把他想要的那个指/摸/拿给我看。
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[Amber demo]
314 其中的时间及地点表达法
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A 表示时间的副词及副词短语的变化:
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ABC Amber CHM Converter v6.22
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例句如:
‘I saw her the day before yesterday,’he said.
他说:“我是前天看到她的。”相当于:
He said he′d seen her two days before.
他说他是两天前看到她的。
‘I′ll do it tomorrow,’he promised.
他答应道:“这件事我明天就做。”相当于:
He promised that he would do it the next day.
他答应第二天就做这件事。
‘I′m starting the day after tomorrow,mother,’he said.
他说:“妈妈,我后天动身。”相当于:
He told his mother that he was starting in two days′time.
他告诉他妈妈他两天后动身。
She said,‘My father died a year ago.’
她说:“我爸爸一年前去世了。”相当于:
She said that her father had died a year before/the previous year.
她说他父亲在前一年去世了。
B 但如果说话和转述发生在同一天,则不必作时间上的改变:
At breakfast this morning he said,‘I′ll be very busy today.’
今天早餐时他说:“今天我会很忙。”相当于:
At breakfast this morning he said that he would be very busy today.
今天早餐时,他说他今天会很忙。