rather than… would+不带to的不定式可用于较正式的英语中:
Rather than let him go to prison, I would pay his fine myself.
我宁肯自己代他付罚款,也不愿让他蹲监狱。
D prefer与rather的一些例句:
—Do you want Ann to repair it herself?
—I’d prefer her to ring/I’d rather she rang the electrician./I’d rather
she didn’t try to repair it herself.
—您想让安自己来修吗?
—我想还是让她打电话给电工更好。/我不想让她自己修。
They want to camp in my garden but I’d rather they didn’t.I’d ratherthey camped by the river.
他们想要在我的园子里露营,不过我不想让他们在我的园子里露营。
我宁愿他们在河边露营。
He usually has a pub lunch,but she’d prefer him to come home for ameal/she’d rather he came home for lunch.She’d rather he didn’tspend money in pubs.
他一般在小酒馆里吃午饭,但她宁愿他回家吃饭/她宁愿他回家吃午饭。她不愿他把钱花在小酒馆里。
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[Amber demo]
299 wish,want和would like
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wish,want和would like都表示愿望。
wish是最正式的说法,关于want和would like参见第 296节。
A wish之后可以直接跟不定式或宾语+ 不定式:
—Why do/did you wish to see the manager?
—I wish/wished to make a complaint.
—为什么你要见经理?
—我要投诉。
The government does not wish Dr Jekyll Hyde to accept a professorship ata foreign university.
政府不想让杰基尔·海德博士接受某一外国大学的教授职务。
在不太正式的话语中可用want或would like:
I would like/want to speak to Ann.
我想跟安说话。
I wanted to speak to Ann.
我想跟安说话。
She doesn’t/didn’t want the children to stay up later.
她不想让孩子们睡觉太迟。(如果在这里用like来代替want,则意为她不赞成孩子们太迟去睡觉。话中表示了不喜欢的意思。)
B want和would like之后可直接跟名词:
I want/would like a single room.
我想要单人房间。
He wanted a single room.
他想要单人房间。
wish的用法较为受限制一些:
可以用wish来表示祝愿某人幸运/成功/圣诞快乐等:
He said,‘Good luck!’
他说:“祝你好运!”相当于:
He wished me luck.
他祝我运气好。
也可在写信时说向某人致以好的/最好的愿望:
With all good wishes,yours Bill
祝你万事如意!你的比尔(写于信的末尾)
Best wishes for the New Year
致以新年的美好祝愿!(写于贺年卡上)
除这一类的祝愿语之外,wish之后一般不接名词作宾语。
wish+for之后可跟名词/代词,但通常含义是主语对自己的愿望得以实现不抱太大的希望。这主要用于感叹句中:
How he wished for a drink!
他多希望能有点东西喝!(大概他能得到点喝的这件事是没有希望的事。)
What he chiefly wished for was a chance to explain.
他主要希望能有一个解释的机会。(好像他不大可能有这个机会。)
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[Amber demo]
300 wish+ 主语+ 虚拟过去时
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A wish(that)+ 主语+ 过去时(虚拟语气;参见第290节B)这一结构用于对目前的情况表示遗憾:
I wish I knew his address.
但愿我知道他的地址就好了。相当于:
I’m sorry I don’t know his address.
很遗憾,我不知道他的地址。
I wish you could drive a car.
我真希望你会开车。相当于:
I’m sorry you can’t drive a car.
真可惜你不会开车。
I wish hs was coming with us.
我多希望他能跟我们一起来。相当于:
I’m sorry he isn’t coming with us.
真遗憾他不能跟我们一起来。
wish可用在过去时中而不改变虚拟的意思:
He wished he knew the address.
他多希望他知道那个地址。相当于:
He was sorry he didn’t know the address.
他感到遗憾他不知道那个地址。
在间接引语中,虚拟过去时形式不用变化:
‘I wish I lived nearer my work,’he said.
“但愿我住得离工作地再近点,”他说。相当于:
He said he wished he lived nearer his work.
他说但愿他能住得离工作地再近点。
B wish(that)+ 主语+ 过去完成时(虚拟语气)表示对过去的情况表示遗憾:
I wish(that) I hadn’t spent so much money.
但愿我没花掉这么多钱就好了。相当于:
I’m sorry I spent so much money.
真后悔我花去了这么多钱。
I wish you had written to him.
但愿你给他写过信就好了。相当于:
I’m sorry you didn’t write to him.
真遗憾你没有给他写信。
wished可代替wish而不改变虚拟的意思:
I wished I hadn’t spent so much money.相当于:
I was sorry I had spent so much money.
(译文同上。)
变为间接引语时,这些动词不用变化:
‘I wished I had taken his advice,’she said.
“但愿我当时听了他的劝告就好了,”她说。相当于:
She(said she) wished she had taken his advice.
她(说她)但愿当时听了他的劝告就好了。
C if only的用法与此完全相同。它的意思与 wish相同,只是比wish更生动:
If only we knew where to look for him!
如果我们知道上哪里去找他就好了!
If only she had asked someone’s advice!
假如她早请教别人一下就好了!
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[Amber demo]
301 wish(that)+主语+would
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A wish+主语+过去时态可以表示对现在的情况表示遗憾,如上面第300节所示:
I wish that he wrote more regularly.
我多希望他能勤来信。相当于:
I’m sorry he doesn’t write more regularly.
我很遗憾他来信不勤。
B wish+ 主语+ would的意思与上面所说的相似,但是它所表示的动作是从句的主语所能控制的。即:只要某人愿意,这种动作是可以改变的。