美国高等教育已经进入了一个被巨大的社会经济挑战以及历史性科技进步所影响的新时代,复制传统和标准化的做法不足以应对这些挑战。设计思维为大学提供了一个转型的重要路径,通过提升大学的适应力,使其既能兼顾传统,又能回应新兴市场的需求。尽管设计思维和战略性思维常常成对出现,但如果一个组织缺乏全方位应对问题的有效设计,再多的战略也于事无补。
那些甘冒双轨制转型风险的高校领导者们必须全力以赴,去应对各种可能相互冲突的未来图景。他们必须正视质疑、反对和惰性,这些因素都有可能让他们在这场迟来的改革面前摇摆不定。这是美国高等教育历史上的一个动荡时期,但也是充满机遇的时期。美国高等教育的领导者必须勇于接受挑战,为建设更好的大学、更好的高等教育、更好的社会建立创新设计模式。
克拉克·G·吉尔伯特(Clark G. Gilbert)
杨百翰大学爱达荷分校前任校长,“杨百翰大学世界大学之路”总裁。“杨百翰大学世界大学之路”是全球高等教育的提供者
迈克尔·M·克罗(Michael M. Crow)
亚利桑那州立大学第十六任校长,曾任哥伦比亚大学执行副教务长
德里克·安德森(Derrick Anderson)
亚利桑那州立大学公共事务学院助理教授,兼任校长的创新顾问
照片由迈克尔·刘易斯/杨百翰大学爱达荷分校提供
[1] See Clark Gilbert, Mathew Eyring, and Richard Foster, “Two Routes to Resilience.” Harvard Business Review, 90, no. 12, 2012, pp. 67-73; and Scott D. Anthony, Clark Gilbert, and Mark W. Johnson, Dual Transformation: How to Reposition Today’s Business While Creating the Future, Boston: Harvard Business Review Press, 2017.
[2] 美国高等院校的质量认证一般由专业认证机构负责,通过认证的院校所颁发的学位证书或文凭证书能获得社会的广泛认可。——译者注,下同
[3] Rita Gunther McGrath, “The Pace of Technology Adoption Is Speeding Up,” Harvard Business Review,November 25, 2013.
[4] Drew DeSilver, “Chart of the Week: The Ever-Accelerating Rate of Technology Adoption,” Pew Research Center, March 14, 2014.
[5] Cathy N. Davidson, Now You See It: How the Brain Science of Attention Will Transform the Way We Live,Work, and Learn, New York: Viking, 2011.
[6] 布鲁金斯学会(Brookings Institution)是美国著名的综合性政策研究机构。
[7] For more information on these data, see the Pell Institute’s report “Indicators of higher education equity in the United States.”
[8] Gilbert, Eyring, and Foster, “Two Routes to Resilience.”
[9] Michael M. Crow and William B. Dabars, Designing the New American University, Baltimore, Md.: Johns Hopkins Univer-sity Press, 2015.
[10] Mark Muckenfuss, “UC Riverside: Applications Up Almost 10 percent,” Press-Enterprise (Riverside,Calif.), January 13, 2015.
[11] Sara Hebel, “Reaching Parity in Student Success,” Chronicle of Higher Education, April 10, 2014.
[12] Kim B. Clark, “Vision and Change at BYU-Idaho,” Forum for the Future of Higher Education, 2011.
[13] 开放入学(open enrollment)指打破区域招生的限制,允许学生在广泛的范围内自由选择学校入学。
[14] College Scorecard, US Department of Education, Brigham Young University-Idaho.
[15] 保留率(retention rate)指大一学生返校就读大二的比例。
[16] Penn State News, “University Enrollment Up Slightly, World Campus Sees Growth,” October 12, 2015.
[17] Mike Dawson, “World Campus Drives Penn State Enrollment to All-Time High,” Centre Daily Times,October 28, 2013.
[18] Wayne Smutz and Craig D. Weidemann, “Penn State World Campus: Ensuring Success, Not Just Access.”Educause Publi-cations, 2012.
[19] Bill Schackner, “Drop-off at Penn State Branches Tied to Birth Rate, Scandal,” Pittsburgh Post-Gazette,March 24, 2013.
[20] Ben Rooney, “Starbucks to Give Workers a Full Ride for College,” CNN Money, April 6, 2015.