(指一般妇女)
Big hotels all over the world are very much the same.
世界各地的大饭店都很相像。
在上述第一个例子中,如果在women之前加上the,就表明是特指某一部分妇女。
C nature指自然界(动植物等的世界)的创造之灵和原动力时,之前不使用the:
If you interfere with nature you will suffer for it.
谁干扰大自然,就要承受恶果。
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[Amber demo]
8 the(定冠词)在home等之前的省略
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A home
当home单独使用即前后不加修饰词或短语时,不用定冠词:
He is at home.
他在家。
当home单独使用时,可以直接跟在具有运动意义的动词之后,或紧随在具有运动意义的动词+宾语之后。换句话说,
home可以当副词使用:
He went home.
他回家了。
I arrived home after dark.
我天黑以后到家的。
但是,当home之前或之后带有修饰词或修饰短语时,其用法
和其他名词相同:
They went to their new home.
他们到自已的新家去了。
We arrived at the bride’s home.
我们到了新娘的家。
For some years this was the home of your queen.
曾有些年头这里是你们王后的家。
A mud hut was the only home he had ever known.
一间小土屋就是他所知道的唯一的家。
B bed,church,court,hospital,prison,school/college/university人们去这些地方干在这些地方应该干的事时,上述词语的前面不用定冠词the。例如,we go:
to bed(to sleep or as invalids) 上床睡觉或(病人)卧床
to church(to pray)去教堂祷告
to court(as litigants)上法院打官司
to hospital(as patients)去医院就医
to prison(as prisoners)进监狱坐牢
to school/college/university(to study)去学校/学院/大学读书
同样可以说:
in bed(sleeping or resting)在床上(睡觉或休息)
at church(as worshippers)在教堂做礼拜
in court(as witnesses)在法庭作证
in hospital(as patients)生病住院
at school(as students)在学校读书
我们可以说:
be/get back/home from school/college/university从学校/大学上学回到家里
leave school离校,放学回家
leave hospital出院
be released from prison出狱
如果往这些地方去是由于其他原因,则要用定冠词:
I went to the church to see the stained glass.
我到教堂看染色拼花玻璃窗去了。
He goes to the prison sometimes to give lectures.
他有时去监狱给囚犯演讲。
C sea
go to sea(as sailors)(当水手)出海
be at sea= be on a voyage(as passengers or crew)(作为旅客或船员)乘船航行
但是:
go to/be at the sea=go to/be at the seaside去/在海边
还可以这样说:
live by/near the sea住在海边
D work和office
work(工作地点)前不加定冠词the:
He’s on his way to work.
他在去上班的路上。
He is at work.
他在上班。(在办公室或工作地点)
He isn’t back from work yet.
他还没(从办公室)下班回来。
注意:at work也可表示working(工作):
hard at work=working hard在努力工作
He’s hard at work on a new picture.
他正在努力地画一幅新画。
office(工作地点)前需要加定冠词the:
He is at/in the office.
他在办公室。
be in office(不加the)则表示担任一个官/公职(通常指政界职位)。
be out of office=be no longer in power不再担任某一职务,已去职
E town
在讲到主语或说话人自己的城镇时,town前面的the可以省略:
We go to town sometimes to buy clothes.
我们有时进城去买衣服。
We were in town last Monday.
上星期一我们在城里。
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[Amber demo]
9 this/these,that/those(指示形容词和指示代词)
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A 这几个词用做形容词时,要与所修饰的名词在数上一致。它们是唯一随名词的数的变化而变化的形容词。
This beach was quite empty last year.
去年这个海滩很空荡。
This exhibition will be open until the end of May.
这次展览会要开到5月底。
These people come from that hotel over there.
这些人是从那边那个饭店来的。
What does that notice say?
那个通知说什么?
That exhibition closed a month ago.
那个展览一个月前就闭幕了。
He was dismissed on the 13th.That night the factory went on fire.
他在13号被解雇。那天晚上工厂失火了。
Do you see those birds at the top of the tree?
你看到树梢上的那些鸟了吗?
有时为了表示强调,用this/these/that/those+名词+of+your/hers等或Ann’s等这一结构,而不用 your/her等+名词结构:
This diet of mine/My diet isn’t having much effect.
我节食的方法效果不大。
That car of Ann’s/Ann’s car is always breaking down.
安的那辆车老要坏。
由这样的短语构成的话通常具有“令人不满”的贬义,但不一定总是这样。
B this/these/,that/those用做代词:
This is my umbrella.That’s yours.
这把伞是我的。那是你的。
These are the old classrooms. Those are the new ones.
这些是旧教室。那些是新的。
-Who’s that(man over there)?
-That’s Tom Jones.
-那(边的那个男人)是谁?
-那是汤姆·琼斯。
播送完一个节目时说:
That was the concerto in C minor by Vivaldi.
刚刚播送的是维瓦尔迪作曲的C小调协奏曲。
介绍时可用this is:
Ann(to Tom):This is my brother Hugh.
安(对汤姆):这是我弟弟休。
Ann(to Hugh):Hugh,this is Tom Jones.
安(对休):休,这是汤姆·琼斯。
Telephone caller:Good morning. This is/I am Tom Jones…
打电话者:早上好,我是汤姆·琼斯……
I am这一说法要比this is稍微正式一些。